Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm rov qab osmosis

Rov qab osmosis, tseem hu ua thim rov qab osmosis, yog daim nyias nyias sib cais ua haujlwm uas siv qhov sib txawv sib txawv raws li kev tsav tsheb kom cais cov kuab tshuaj los ntawm kev daws teeb meem. Kev ntsuas siab tau siv rau cov khoom ua kua ntawm ib sab ntawm daim nyias nyias. Thaum lub siab tshaj nws lub siab osmotic, qhov hnyav yuav thim rov qab osmosis tiv thaiv kev coj ua ntawm ntuj nkag. Ua li no, cov kuab tshuaj permeated tau txais ntawm qhov qis qis sab ntawm daim nyias nyias, uas yog, nkag mus; sab siab siab yog cov tshuaj sib xyaw, uas yog, cov tshuaj sib xyaw ua ke. Yog tias thim rov qab osmosis tau siv los kho dej hiav txwv, cov dej tshiab tau txais nyob rau sab qis ntawm daim nyias nyias thiab cov dej qab ntsev tau txais ntawm qhov siab siab. Hauv kev rov qab osmosis, qhov nkag mus ntawm cov kuab tshuaj, uas yog, cov dej ntws lub zog N yog: N=Kh (－p － Δπ) qhov twg Kh yog hydraulic permeability coefficient, uas nce me ntsis nrog qhov nce ntawm qhov kub; Isp yog qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm ob sab ntawm daim nyias nyias; Δπ yog qhov sib txawv osmotic siab ntawm cov tshuaj ntawm ob sab ntawm daim nyias nyias. Qhov osmotic siab π ntawm cov tshuaj tov yog:" π=iCRT" qhov twg kuv yog tus lej ntawm ions tsim los ntawm ionization ntawm solute molecules; C yog molar concentration ntawm cov solute; R yog cov pa nkev tas li; T yog qhov kub thiab txias. Rov qab osmosis feem ntau siv cov asymmetric membrane thiab sib xyaw ua ke. Cov cuab yeej siv hauv kev rov qab osmosis feem ntau yog hollow fiber ntau lossis yob hom membrane sib cais khoom. Cov thim rov qab osmosis tuaj yeem cuam tshuam ntau yam tsis muaj kuab paug ions, cov tshuaj colloidal thiab macromolecular solutes hauv dej kom tau dej huv. Nws kuj tseem tuaj yeem siv rau kev npaj ua ntej ntawm cov tshuaj macromolecular organic. Vim yog cov txheej txheem yooj yim ntawm thim rov qab osmosis thiab siv hluav taws xob tsawg, nws tau txhim kho sai heev nyob rau 20 xyoo dhau los. Nws tau siv dav hauv dej hiav txwv thiab dej nkig (saib cov dej qab ntsev) desalination, dej rhaub dej muag thiab kho cov dej khib nyiab, thiab ua ke nrog ion pauv los tsim cov dej huv. Nws cov ntawv thov tau nthuav dav, thiab nws tau pib siv rau hauv cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov khoom lag luam mis nyuj thiab kua txiv thiab cov khoom siv tshuaj lom neeg biochemical Thiab kev sib cais thiab tsom mus rau cov tshuaj lom neeg lom.